Medically Assisted Conception : it is the result of the collaboration between gynaecologists, accredited biologists and urologists to help couples achieve conception using either Artificial Insemination of the Spouse sperm or In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). sperm analysis ( spermogram) : an examination which measures the quantity and quality of sperm and spermatozoids in a biology laboratory.

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A drug reducing inflammation that is the principal cause of pain in renal colic. There are two main families : the non-steroid anti-inflammatory ( NSAI) and the corticoids.

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Removal of a sample of tissue done with a special bevelled needle.

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Uncontrolled growth of cells which do not show contact inhibition any more/which have lost their contact inhibition properties / which show a lack/loss of contact inhibition.

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Complete removal / suppression of testosterone secretion by the testicles.

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The action of separating the surrounding tissues from the organs and vessels whilst respecting the clivage planes.

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The inability to obtain or maintain a sufficient erection for penetration.

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Endocrinal illness due to the overacting/over functioning of the small parathyroid glands ( situated behind the thyroid) leading to a rise of the calcium level in blood.

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Drain often made out of silicone , 26 cm long on average, curved at both ends (doubleJ), a few millimetres in diameters, through which urines can be drained out of the kidney into the bladder. Used when there is a urethral obstruction or for cicatrisation, it can be easily removed under local anaesthetics with tweezers/ a small plier inserted into the bladder.

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Operating instruments are inserted into the abdominal cavity (abdomen and pelvis) which has first been blown up with CO2, under the control of a telescope with a light source and camera attached, to perform what is called "key-hole surgery".

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Machine producing shock waves which are then focused on a stone previously located . Formerly patients were immersed in a “bath” but they are now simply lying on a table in contact with a water-filled cushion.

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Small knitted bands of polypropylene filaments/ fibres that are placed below the urethra to treat stress incontinence.

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This word has been used since the start of key-hole surgery ( laparoscopy) meaning a small precise dissection of the internal organs leaving very few tissue damages carried out with new instruments inserted through tiny centimetres wide incisions.

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Short for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. An imaging technique applied to the human body which uses a strong magnetic field (generated by an electro magnet locked within concrete walls) to view the tissues by way of their electronic specificities. Counter-indicated for claustrophobics and people wearing metals (metallic pieces or pace maker for example).

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The polypropylene material is now recognized as one of the best tolerated by the organism. The monopoly fibre is knitted into mesh ( also called plates) which is used to reinforce organs or linings in hernia or prolapses.

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When an organ moves downwards usually and falls out of its normal location. The prolapse of the bladder is called "cystocele", that of the uterus "hysterocele" and "rectocele" for the rectum.

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Prostate specific antigen ; a chemical (glycoprotein) released into the bloodstream by the prostate gland. it is found in blood and in sperm at low levels.

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Conceptualised by the US army and now being commercialised by the Intuitive company, this operating robot, monitored by a surgeon, takes hold of the laparoscopic instruments to carry out a minimally invasive surgery under 3D tele-transmitted optical control.

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Fluid secreted by the seminal vesicle (60%) and the prostate (40%) which plays a nutritive role as well as being the transport mean for the spermatozoids coming out of the testicle.

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A fine tube ( 2 to 4 mm diameter) flexible or rigid inserted in the ureter to carry out an endoscopic examination or operation : lithiasis, narrowing , tumour. There is an external camera to see and the instruments, such as the extraction tools, laser beam, etc … , are introduced via an operating canal.

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The tube which links the bladder to the outside of the body. Short (5 to 6 cm) in women, it is longer in men as it has to pass through the prostate and the penis. It must not be confused with the ureter which is the name of the thin muscular tube linking the kidney to the bladder.

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Involuntary loss of urine through the urethra outside of urination.

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Examination involving one or two probes inserted into the bladder through the urethra to measure the different parameters of the bladder-sphincter performance and balance during the storage of urine and then urination.

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An abnormal dilatation of peripheral veins around the testicle due to a back flow into the main spermatic vein which can lead to infertility , especially through hyperthermia. Blood stagnation does mean that the testicles will reach a temperature of 37° Celsius whereas its optimum functioning temperature is 35° Celsius.

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